Esophageal stricture is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This narrowing can lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), pain, and other complications.
Causes
Esophageal strictures can arise from several factors, including:
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid exposure can cause inflammation and scarring.
- Injury or Trauma: Physical damage from foreign bodies, burns, or medical procedures.
- Radiation Therapy: Treatments for cancers in the chest or neck can cause scar tissue formation.
- Infections: Certain infections can lead to esophageal inflammation.
- Congenital Anomalies: Some individuals are born with a narrow esophagus.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- A sensation of food getting stuck
- Regurgitation or vomiting
- Chest pain
- Unintended weight loss
- Frequent heartburn
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is inserted to visualize the esophagus.
- Barium Swallow Test: X-rays are taken after swallowing a contrast material to assess the esophagus’s structure.
- Manometry: Measures the pressure and function of the esophagus.
Treatment
Treatment options vary based on severity and underlying causes:
- Dilation: Stretching the narrowed area with balloons or other devices.
- Medications: Proton pump inhibitors or other medications to manage reflux.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to remove the stricture or reconstruct the esophagus.
Prognosis
With appropriate treatment, many people can manage symptoms effectively. However, regular follow-up is important, as strictures can recur.