Esophagitis is the inflammation of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It can be caused by various factors, including:
Acid Reflux: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, leading to irritation.
Infections: Fungal (like Candida), viral (such as herpes), or bacterial infections can also cause esophagitis, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Allergic Reactions: Eosinophilic esophagitis is an allergic condition where white blood cells accumulate in the esophagus, often in response to certain foods.
Irritants: Chemicals, medications, or radiation can damage the esophagus lining.
Other Conditions: Certain diseases, such as scleroderma or autoimmune disorders, can contribute to esophagitis.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- Painful swallowing (odynophagia)
- Heartburn or chest pain
- Nausea or vomiting
- Food getting stuck in the esophagus
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Endoscopy to visualize the esophagus
- Biopsy to check for abnormalities
- Imaging studies if needed
Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Antacids or proton pump inhibitors for acid reflux
- Antifungal or antiviral medications for infections
- Dietary changes for allergic esophagitis
- Avoiding irritants
Lifestyle Changes
- Eating smaller, more frequent meals
- Avoiding trigger foods (spicy, acidic, or fried foods)
- Elevating the head while sleeping